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Thiruvalluvar

Thirukkural of Thiruvalluvar, English Translation and Commentary by Rev.Dr.G.U.Pope, Rev.W.H.Drew, Rev.John Lazarus and Mr.F.W.Ellis


Wealth

7. The Essentials of a State

95 : Medicine

Poem : 941

The learned books count three, with wind as first; of these,
As any one prevail, or fail; 'twill cause disease.

Explanation :
If (food and work are either) excessive or deficient, the three things enumerated by (medical) writers, flatulence, biliousness, and phlegm, will cause (one) disease.


Poem : 942

No need of medicine to heal your body's pain,
If, what you ate before digested well, you eat again.

Explanation :
No medicine is necessary for him who eats after assuring (himself) that what he has (already) eaten has been digested.


Poem : 943

Who has a body gained may long the gift retain,
If, food digested well, in measure due he eat again.

Explanation :
If (one's food has been) digested let one eat with moderation; (for) that is the way to prolong the life of an embodied soul.


Poem : 944

Knowing the food digested well, when hunger prompteth thee,
With constant care, the viands choose that well agree.

Explanation :
(First) assure yourself that your food has been digested and never fail to eat, when very hungry, whatever is not disagreeable (to you).


Poem : 945

With self-denial take the well-selected meal;
So shall thy frame no sudden sickness feel.

Explanation :
There will be no disaster to one's life if one eats with moderation, food that is not disagreeable.


Poem : 946

On modest temperance as pleasures pure,
So pain attends the greedy epicure.

Explanation :
As pleasure dwells with him who eats moderately, so disease (dwells) with the glutton who eats voraciously.


Poem : 947

Who largely feeds, nor measure of the fire within maintains,
That thoughtless man shall feel unmeasured pains.

Explanation :
He will be afflicted with numberless diseases, who eats immoderately, ignorant (of the rules of health).


Poem : 948

Disease, its cause, what may abate the ill;
Let leech examine these, then use his skill.

Explanation :
Let the physician enquire into the (nature of the) disease, its cause and its method of cure and treat it faithfully according to (medical rule).


Poem : 949

The habitudes of patient and disease, the crises of the ill
These must the learned leech think over well, then use his skill.

Explanation :
The learned (physician) should ascertain the condition of his patient; the nature of his disease, and the season (of the year) and (then) proceed (with his treatment).


Poem : 950

For patient, leech, and remedies, and him who waits by patient's side,
The art of medicine must fourfold code of laws provide.

Explanation :
Medical science consists of four parts, viz., patient, physician, medicine and compounder; and each of these (again) contains four sub-divisions.


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